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Projectos/MuonTomography/Chronology

MUON TOMOGRAPHY - TIMELINE



/!\ UNDER MAINTENANCE /!\

This page contains a timeline of important events and reference works in the field of muon tomography.

Some of the sources are provisory. More information, sources and links for each reference will be added in time.



1912

1_2.png Cosmic Rays Discovery
Austrian physicist Victor F. Hess discovers cosmic-rays in a series of ascents in a hot-air balloon while looking for the source of the ionization radiation observed in the ground and in the atmosphere. His highest ascent was at 5.3 km of altitude. (Phys. Zeitshr. 13, 1084)

1936

2.png Muon Discovery
American physicist Carl D. Anderson and his graduate student Seth Neddermeyer discovered the existence of muon particles. The first observation of a muon was in a cosmic-ray. (Phys. Ver. 51, 884)


1955

3.png First Use of Muons
First reported use of cosmic-ray muons by Eric George to measure the ice thickness above a tunnel in Australia. The work used spark chambers to detect the muons. (Commonwelth Engineer July 1, 455)


1967

4.png Muon Radiography in Chephren Pyramid
Muon radiography is used by Luis Alvarez team to look for hidden chambers in Chephren Pyramid in Egypt. The detection was made with spark chambers and scintillation counters. No additional chambers were found at that time. (Science 176, 832)


1987

5.png Measurement Depth of Nagoya Subway Tunnels
Minato et al. measured the depths of Nagoya subway tunnels using cosmic-ray muons. The detectors used were based in scintillation counters. (Minato et al. 1987)


1999

6.png Moon Shadow is Imaged using Muons
At the Soudan II detector in Minnesota, using drift tubes and at an undergroud depth of 700m, the Moon shadow is imaged using muon flux. (Cobb et al. 1999)


2003

7.png Preparation to Inspect the Pyramid of the Sun
The preparations on a muon detector system are iniciated to inspect the interior of the Pyramid of the Sun in Mexico. Some of the detection system uses scintillation counters. (Alfaro et al. 2003)


8.png Beginning Applications of Muon Scattering Tomography
At LANL, a seminal work on utilising Coulomb scattering of muons to identify high-Z objects is made aiming the detection of nuclear treats. (Borozdin et al. Nature 422, 277. 2003)


2007

9.png Density Measurement of Mt. Asama
Muography is used by Tanaka et al. to measure a density profile of Mt. Asama and the 1944 Usu lava dome, both in Japan. The method used is based in emulsion cloud chambers. (Tanaka et al. 2007)


2008

(Legnato National Laboratory Simulation and Prototype)

2009

10.png INFN Muon Tomography System
The large-volume muon tomography system, built by INFN, demonstrates the possibility of material discrimination. The system is based on drift chambers. (Presente et al. 2009)


11_2.png Density Profile of a Volcano Interior
The density profile of the interior of a volcano in Japan is imaged with cosmic-ray muography combined with classical gravimetry by Okudo and Tanaka. (Okubo and Tanaka, 2012)


2010

Puy de Dôme Vulcan Struture Study

(Cristina Carloganu)


2012

12.png Fukushima-Daiichi Plant Interior Simulation
Simulation studies show the feasibility of identifying voids and movements of the material inside the reactor core at the stricken Fukushima-Daiichi plant. (Borozdin et al. 2010)


2014

13.png Palazzo della Loggia Monitorization
A monitorization system based in muon tomography is installed at Palazzo della Loggia, in Italy, to monitor the integral stability of the building.


2016

Water Tower Experiment



2017

Scan Pyramids Project - Cheops Pyramid New Chamber
More Info