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| = Beginning Applications of Muon Scattering Tomography = <<BR>>[[attachment:Luis.jpg|{{attachment:Luis.jpg|attachment:Luis.jpg|width="400"}}]] <<BR>><<BR>><<BR>> |
= Beginning Applications of Muon Scattering Tomography - Portal Scanner = <<BR>>[[attachment:truck2.jpg|{{attachment:truck2.jpg|attachment:truck2.jpg|width="600"}}]] <<BR>><<BR>><<BR>> |
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| The first attempt to create an image with muons was made around 1968 by Luis Alvarez's team in the Pyramid of Chephren, the second largest pyramid in Giza. When compared to the interior complexity of the other two pyramids of Giza, the pyramid of Chephren has a very simple internal structure, only with a single chamber. It was with this in mind that Alvarez decided to probe the interior of this pyramid in search of unknown chambers and for this he took into account the absorption of the muons by the crossed material and that would show if there was some empty space in the interior if in some direction the muon flux was higher than expected. | High-Z material can be detected and located in three dimensions using radiographs formed by cosmic-ray muons. The detection of these materials hidden inside large volumes of ordinary cargo is an important and timely task given the danger associated with illegal transport of uranium and heavier elements. Existing radiography techniques are inefficient for shielded material, are often expensive and involve radiation hazards, such as gamma rays and X-rays. |
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| The detection equipment, consisting of five planes of spark chambers triggered by scintillation counters, was placed inside the only known Chamber of Belzoni, located at the base and almost at the center of the pyramid. | Muon scattering tomography utilizes Coulomb scattering of muons and two detection systems with a test subject placed in between to produce a 3D density distribution model of the analysed volume. This technique was developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory as a way to detect nuclear smuggling. |
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| The exposure area covered all directions at ±45° from the vertical and the clear detection of the edges of the pyramid as well as the cap on top of the pyramid, showed that the technique worked and was reliable. Unfortunately, no additional structures were found. | Borozdin et al. (2003) demonstrated that compact high-Z objects can be detected and located in three dimensions with muon radiography. A portal scanner based in muon tracking technology was installed in the Freeport, Bahamas, and can detect both shielded nuclear material, as well as explosives and contraband. The scanner is large enough for a cargo container to pass through. It then produces a 3-D image of what is scanned (Patnaik et al., 2014). A recent study published by Antonuccio et al. (2017) shows how such a portal works and how one will be built. |
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| ''' Publication: '''<<BR>> <<BR>> [[http://lappweb.in2p3.fr/~chefdevi/Work_LAPP/Arche/alvarez_70.pdf|"Search for Hidden Chambers in the Pyramids" (Alvarez et al., 1970)]] |
''' Publications: '''<<BR>> <<BR>> [[https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1606536|"Detection of high-Z objects using multiple scattering of cosmic ray muons" (Borozdin et al., 2003)]]<<BR>> <<BR>> [[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7431145|"Image Based Object Identification in Muon Tomography" (Patnaik et al., 2014)]]<<BR>> <<BR>> [[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900216303631|"The Muon Portal Project: Design and construction of a scanning portal based on muon tomography" (Antonuccio et al., 2017)]] |
Beginning Applications of Muon Scattering Tomography - Portal Scanner
High-Z material can be detected and located in three dimensions using radiographs formed by cosmic-ray muons. The detection of these materials hidden inside large volumes of ordinary cargo is an important and timely task given the danger associated with illegal transport of uranium and heavier elements. Existing radiography techniques are inefficient for shielded material, are often expensive and involve radiation hazards, such as gamma rays and X-rays.
Muon scattering tomography utilizes Coulomb scattering of muons and two detection systems with a test subject placed in between to produce a 3D density distribution model of the analysed volume. This technique was developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory as a way to detect nuclear smuggling.
Borozdin et al. (2003) demonstrated that compact high-Z objects can be detected and located in three dimensions with muon radiography. A portal scanner based in muon tracking technology was installed in the Freeport, Bahamas, and can detect both shielded nuclear material, as well as explosives and contraband. The scanner is large enough for a cargo container to pass through. It then produces a 3-D image of what is scanned (Patnaik et al., 2014). A recent study published by Antonuccio et al. (2017) shows how such a portal works and how one will be built.
Publications:
"Detection of high-Z objects using multiple scattering of cosmic ray muons" (Borozdin et al., 2003)
"Image Based Object Identification in Muon Tomography" (Patnaik et al., 2014)
"The Muon Portal Project: Design and construction of a scanning portal based on muon tomography" (Antonuccio et al., 2017)